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Cybersecurity Fundamentals
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PR.AC-1: Identities and credentials are issued, managed, verified, revoked, and audited for authorized devices, users and processes
PR.AC-2: Physical access to assets is managed and protected
PR.AC-3: Remote access is managed
PR.AC-4: Access permissions and authorizations are managed, incorporating the principles of least privilege and separation of duties
PR.AC-5: Network integrity is protected (e.g., network segregation, network segmentation)
PR.AC-6: Identities are proofed and bound to credentials and asserted in interactions
PR.AC-7: Users, devices, and other assets are authenticated (e.g., single-factor, multi-factor) commensurate with the risk of the transaction (e.g., individuals’ security and privacy risks and other organizational risks)
Maturity Level 1
Maturity Level 2
Maturity Level 3
PR.AC-4.1
PR.AC-4.1: Access permissions for users to the organization’s systems shall be defined and managed.
  • The following should be considered:
  • Draw up and review regularly access lists per system (files, servers, software, databases, etc.), possibly through analysis of the Active Directory in Windows-based systems, with the objective of determining who needs what kind of access (privileged or not), to what, to perform their duties in the organization.
  • Set up a separate account for each user (including any contractors needing access) and require that strong, unique passwords be used for each account.
  • Ensure that all employees use computer accounts without administrative privileges to perform typical work functions. This includes separation of personal and admin accounts.
  • For guest accounts, consider using the minimal privileges (e.g. internet access only) as required for your business needs.
  • Permission management should be documented in a procedure and updated when appropriate.
  • Use 'Single Sign On' (SSO) when appropriate.
Documentation Maturity
Not applicable - Not applicable in the selected scope.
Level 1 - Initial - No Process documentation or not formally approved by management.
Level 2 - Repeatable - Formally approved Process documentation exists but not reviewed in the previous 2 years.
Level 3 - Defined - Formally approved Process documentation exists, and exceptions are documented and approved. Documented and approved exceptions < 5% of the time.
Level 4 - Managed - Formally approved Process documentation exists, and exceptions are documented and approved. Documented and approved exceptions < 3% of the time.
Level 5 - Optimizing - Formally approved Process documentation exists, and exceptions are documented and approved. Documented and approved exceptions < 0,5% of the time.
Implementation Maturity
Not applicable - Not applicable in the selected scope.
Level 1 - Initial - Standard process does not exist.
Level 2 - Repeatable - Ad-hoc process exists and is done informally.
Level 3 - Defined - Formal process exists and is implemented. Evidence available for most activities. Less than 10% process exceptions.
Level 4 - Managed - Formal process exists and is implemented. Evidence available for all activities. Detailed metrics of the process are captured and reported. Minimal target for metrics has been established. Less than 5% of process exceptions.
Level 5 - Optimizing - Formal process exists and is implemented. Evidence available for all activities. Detailed metrics of the process are captured and reported. Minimal target for metrics has been established and continually improving. Less than 1% of process exceptions.
Description

Access permissions for users to the organization’s systems shall be defined and managed.

PR.AC-4.2
PR.AC-4.2: It shall be identified who should have access to the organization's business's critical information and technology and the means to get access.
  • Means to get access may include: a key, password, code, or administrative privilege.
Documentation Maturity
Not applicable - Not applicable in the selected scope.
Level 1 - Initial - No Process documentation or not formally approved by management.
Level 2 - Repeatable - Formally approved Process documentation exists but not reviewed in the previous 2 years.
Level 3 - Defined - Formally approved Process documentation exists, and exceptions are documented and approved. Documented and approved exceptions < 5% of the time.
Level 4 - Managed - Formally approved Process documentation exists, and exceptions are documented and approved. Documented and approved exceptions < 3% of the time.
Level 5 - Optimizing - Formally approved Process documentation exists, and exceptions are documented and approved. Documented and approved exceptions < 0,5% of the time.
Implementation Maturity
Not applicable - Not applicable in the selected scope.
Level 1 - Initial - Standard process does not exist.
Level 2 - Repeatable - Ad-hoc process exists and is done informally.
Level 3 - Defined - Formal process exists and is implemented. Evidence available for most activities. Less than 10% process exceptions.
Level 4 - Managed - Formal process exists and is implemented. Evidence available for all activities. Detailed metrics of the process are captured and reported. Minimal target for metrics has been established. Less than 5% of process exceptions.
Level 5 - Optimizing - Formal process exists and is implemented. Evidence available for all activities. Detailed metrics of the process are captured and reported. Minimal target for metrics has been established and continually improving. Less than 1% of process exceptions.
Description

It shall be identified who should have access to the organization's business's critical information and technology and the means to get access.

PR.AC-4.3
PR.AC-4.3: Employee access to data and information shall be limited to the systems and specific information they need to do their jobs (the principle of Least Privilege).
  • The principle of Least Privilege should be understood as the principle that a security architecture should be designed so that each employee is granted the minimum system resources and authorizations that the employee needs to perform its function. Consider to:
  • Not allow any employee to have access to all the business’s information.
  • Limit the number of Internet accesses and interconnections with partner networks to the strict necessary to be able to centralize and homogenize the monitoring of exchanges more easily.
  • Ensure that when an employee leaves the business, all access to the business’s information or systems is blocked instantly.
Documentation Maturity
Not applicable - Not applicable in the selected scope.
Level 1 - Initial - No Process documentation or not formally approved by management.
Level 2 - Repeatable - Formally approved Process documentation exists but not reviewed in the previous 2 years.
Level 3 - Defined - Formally approved Process documentation exists, and exceptions are documented and approved. Documented and approved exceptions < 5% of the time.
Level 4 - Managed - Formally approved Process documentation exists, and exceptions are documented and approved. Documented and approved exceptions < 3% of the time.
Level 5 - Optimizing - Formally approved Process documentation exists, and exceptions are documented and approved. Documented and approved exceptions < 0,5% of the time.
Implementation Maturity
Not applicable - Not applicable in the selected scope.
Level 1 - Initial - Standard process does not exist.
Level 2 - Repeatable - Ad-hoc process exists and is done informally.
Level 3 - Defined - Formal process exists and is implemented. Evidence available for most activities. Less than 10% process exceptions.
Level 4 - Managed - Formal process exists and is implemented. Evidence available for all activities. Detailed metrics of the process are captured and reported. Minimal target for metrics has been established. Less than 5% of process exceptions.
Level 5 - Optimizing - Formal process exists and is implemented. Evidence available for all activities. Detailed metrics of the process are captured and reported. Minimal target for metrics has been established and continually improving. Less than 1% of process exceptions.
Description

Employee access to data and information shall be limited to the systems and specific information they need to do their jobs (the principle of Least Privilege).

PR.AC-4.4
PR.AC-4.4: Nobody shall have administrator privileges for daily tasks.
  • Consider the following:
  • Separate administrator accounts from user accounts.
  • Do not privilege user accounts to effectuate administration tasks.
  • Create unique local administrator passwords and disable unused accounts.
  • Consider prohibiting Internet browsing from administrative accounts.
Documentation Maturity
Not applicable - Not applicable in the selected scope.
Level 1 - Initial - No Process documentation or not formally approved by management.
Level 2 - Repeatable - Formally approved Process documentation exists but not reviewed in the previous 2 years.
Level 3 - Defined - Formally approved Process documentation exists, and exceptions are documented and approved. Documented and approved exceptions < 5% of the time.
Level 4 - Managed - Formally approved Process documentation exists, and exceptions are documented and approved. Documented and approved exceptions < 3% of the time.
Level 5 - Optimizing - Formally approved Process documentation exists, and exceptions are documented and approved. Documented and approved exceptions < 0,5% of the time.
Implementation Maturity
Not applicable - Not applicable in the selected scope.
Level 1 - Initial - Standard process does not exist.
Level 2 - Repeatable - Ad-hoc process exists and is done informally.
Level 3 - Defined - Formal process exists and is implemented. Evidence available for most activities. Less than 10% process exceptions.
Level 4 - Managed - Formal process exists and is implemented. Evidence available for all activities. Detailed metrics of the process are captured and reported. Minimal target for metrics has been established. Less than 5% of process exceptions.
Level 5 - Optimizing - Formal process exists and is implemented. Evidence available for all activities. Detailed metrics of the process are captured and reported. Minimal target for metrics has been established and continually improving. Less than 1% of process exceptions.
Description

Nobody shall have administrator privileges for daily tasks.